There are 18 people on the football team. 30 – 10 = 20 + 1 = 21 jerseys available. 21 – 3 jerseys extra = 18 people wearing jerseys. When we deduct 10 from 30, we need to add back 1 because jersey number 10 was not included when we got the difference. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
There are 19 people in the room.
Derek is 11th tallest, so that means there are 10 people taller than him. Derek is also the 9th shortest, which means there are 8 people shorter than him. 10 + 8 = 18 people total, not including himself. 18 +1 = 19 total people in the room.
It will take 20 minutes. The pitfall here is in thinking that you need 4 cuts to make 4 pieces. You really need 3 cuts to make 4 pieces. So, if you need to make 3 cuts to get 4 pieces and it takes you 12 minutes to do this, each cut takes:
12 minutes / 3 cuts = 4 minutes per cut.
Now, to cut a similar log into 6 pieces would require 5 cuts at 4 minutes per cut.
5 cuts * 4 minutes/cut = 20 minutes.
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